SOLAR WRITER REPORT

Lee Lehman's Classical Astrology Report

for Richard Nixon

Compliments of:-

Christine Bennett

PO Box 420

Spit Junction 2088

Australia

Tel: 1300 880 448

Email: cb@ittakes2.com.au

Web: www.ittakes2.com.au

Astrological Summary

Chart Point Positions: Richard Nixon

Planet	Sign	Position	House	Comment
The Moon	Aquarius	20°Aq07'	6th
The Sun	Capricorn	19°Cp24'	5th
Mercury	Capricorn	0°Cp00'	4th
Venus	Pisces	3°Pi29'	6th
Mars	Sagittarius	29°Sg44'	4th
Jupiter	Capricorn	1°Cp40'	4th
Saturn	Taurus	27°Ta29'	9th
Uranus	Aquarius	2°Aq41'	5th
Neptune	Cancer	24°Cn46'	11th
Pluto	Gemini	28°Ge39'	10th

Chart Point Aspects

Planet	Aspect	Planet	Orb	App/Sep
The Moon	Square	Saturn	7°21'	Applying
The Moon	Trine	Pluto	8°31'	Applying
The Sun	Trine	Saturn	8°04'	Applying
The Sun	Conjunction	Uranus	13°17'	Applying
The Sun	Opposition	Neptune	5°22'	Applying
Mercury	Sextile	Venus	3°28'	Applying
Mercury	Conjunction	Mars	0°15'	Separating
Mercury	Conjunction	Jupiter	1°39'	Applying
Mercury	Opposition	Pluto	1°21'	Separating
Venus	Sextile	Mars	3°44'	Separating
Venus	Sextile	Jupiter	1°48'	Separating
Venus	Square	Saturn	6°00'	Separating
Venus	Trine	Pluto	4°50'	Separating
Mars	Conjunction	Jupiter	1°55'	Applying
Mars	Opposition	Pluto	1°05'	Separating
Jupiter	Opposition	Pluto	3°01'	Separating
Saturn	Trine	Uranus	5°12'	Separating
Saturn	Sextile	Neptune	2°42'	Applying
Uranus	Opposition	Neptune	7°55'	Separating

The Purpose of this Report

The purpose of this report is to present a view of the person that is helpful for the astrologer wishing to learn classical method, or for the practitioner wishing to explore the more deterministic aspects of the person's life. There is nothing in this report that says that one must act in the ways described. Rather, classical method shows the easiest pathway, namely, the path of least resistance - not the best possible road, the road most frequently taken.

Classical and Modern Astrology

This report is based on the methods of classical astrology. What is classical astrology? Historically, classical astrology encompasses the many styles of delineation practiced prior to 1700. Generally speaking, the word is restricted to those styles practiced in the West: Vedic Astrology, until recently mainly practiced in India, is a sister craft, and one that shared some methods with Classical Astrology at critical stages in the development of both.

Classical Astrology, unlike Modern Astrology, does not approach an astrological chart from a psychological point of view. The style is more predictive and pragmatic. There is less emphasis on motivation and evolution; more emphasis on how, when and what rather than on why. To the person schooled in Modern Astrology, Classical Astrology can seem harsh and dictatorial. But those of us who practice it prefer to think of this as liberating!

One clear example of the difference: consider the planet Saturn and its track across the heavens and its movement through time. This movement is called a transit. Transits of Saturn generally meant times of hardship. Are these times a "pain in the butt" or an "opportunity?" Maybe calling these crisis times an "opportunity" or a "learning experience" reminds us that we do have choices, and this is an important thing. But when you are getting kicked in the teeth, so to speak, you are probably more interested in when you can get back on your feet than on what the long term lesson is.

Because of the radically different viewpoint between classical and modern interpretation, it could be argued that both styles of astrology can give valuable insights. Understanding the strengths of each, we are in the position, as it were, of a martial artist confronting a religious practitioner. Both have skills and knowledge. But the martial artist could benefit from the centering abilities taught through meditation; while the religious practitioner could use some practical self defense skills taught by the martial arts.

Classical Astrology excels at prediction through time, whereas modern astrology focuses on tendencies. It is as if Modern Astrology is best at the Noun ("Who are you?"), while Classical Astrology is best at the Verb ("What do you want?). Classical Astrology is less agile at and motivational matters than her modern cousin. Likewise, Modern Astrology is less agile at recognizing genuine limits to action.

But this does not mean that Classical Astrology has nothing to say. The two most important candidates are firstly, matters concerning temperament, and secondly, something that Modern Astrology avoids like the plague: good and evil. This goes to the heart of the other great question, "What do you want?" This latter question is often by affected by temptation, greed, and other less than stellar desires.

The characterization of temperament or complexion is vital to the design of an effective lifestyle program for wellness. The idea is simple: we are each comprised of two sets of two qualities: hot and cold, and wet and dry. The relative ratios of these four components induce what we might call a field matrix: a cluster of temperamental and biological tendencies. This balance, in turn, can be threatened by stress, aging, or astrological transits or other dynamic indicators. The balance can be partially or completely restored through dietary and exercise practices. But this can only be done by understanding the original balance, and how it got out of equilibrium.

But this leaves some differences in the matter of health between ancient and modern practice. Consider a statement in my own report, "the body is subject to deformation as a result of illness." This is because I have Saturn square the North Node. When I was eight years old, I had an accident with a scooter. The resulting cut on my knee went all the way to the bone. Because of modern medicine, I was sewn up, given antibiotics, and limped around for about three months. But had this been 1648, without antibiotics, the whole leg could have been lost to gangrene. Even without infection, healing easily could have taken twice as long. During the years of childhood, a disability for that length of time could have had an effect on growth - resulting in a considerably shorter leg - and deformation! As it is, I have one leg shorter than the other - by half an inch. How much more it might have been without modern medicine can only be surmised.

With all the ancient statements of health, we need to be aware that many things which used to be life threatening are no longer so. But there are dangers. It's just that many dire outcomes can be prevented.

Now we get to the thornier issue of good and evil: words almost never heard in a modern reading of a birth chart, but common words among the ancients. Perhaps the greatest irony of this is that Modern Astrology has put itself into the camp of religious practice through its emphasis on spiritual growth and unfolding potential. Yet this old dichotomy of good and evil has been completely excluded from consideration, like a bad nightmare.

Are there evil birthcharts? Yes, there are, according to Classical Astrology. But what constitutes evil? Of course, we have a whole tool case of concepts, based on philosophical and religious experience, but let's simplify it down. Evil in the birthchart essentially results from one primary cause: egotism, and the greed it often provokes. If your chart shows that you value your comfort, your money, your family, and your desires as absolutely superior to those of others, then you have an evil chart.

Does this make you an evil person? Not necessarily. Self observation has long been a critical factor in spiritual practice. If you can curb your tendencies, then you can experience the struggle as the heat of true spiritual practice. The first step in this process is in understanding these tendencies, and that is where Classical Astrology comes in.

It is probably not too surprising that a cursory exposure to the classical astrological classification of evil looks stunningly like the Seven Deadly Sins. Hardly surprising, given the length of Christian domination, but also hardly surprising since the Church Fathers increased the four virtues of Plato to seven, just equaling the number of cardinal sins, and just fortuitously equaling the number of then known planets! Consider the following table:

Planet	Sin	Virtue	Faculty	Animal Nature
Saturn	Envy	Prudence	Retention	Memory
Jupiter	Sloth	Justice	Collection	Discernment
Mars	Anger	Fortitude	Expulsion	Irascible appetites
Sun	Pride	Temperance	Vitality	Appropriate appetites
Venus	Lust	Love	Generation	Sexual appetites
Mercury	Lying	Faith	Rationality	Imagination
Moon	Avarice	Hope	Instinct	Acquisitiveness

This table is not typical of the usual discussion of the qualities of the planets found in modern textbooks! This table is derived from the 17th Century astrologer Morinus (Astrologia Gallica), pp 304-307). However, they are not explicitly listed. The categories are taken from the descriptions of the qualities of the planets when well or badly placed. In other words, the "Sin" column is a capsule summary of the way a planet works when badly afflicted, what used to be called "evilly placed!"

And here we have our astrological theory of Good and Evil. A "good" planet acts like it is well placed; while an "evil" planet acts like it is poorly placed. Now the simplest explanation for "acting" well placed is for the planet to actually be well placed. However, the pairing of vice and virtue shows the method to strive to transmute Evil into Good. But notice: without a frank appraisal of the malefic nature of certain placements, there is no free will possible. Conscious choice is the way to bridge the gap from Evil to Good. Evading the uncomfortable merely exacerbates the problem.

Having gotten this far, how do we understand contradictory indicators? Suppose your chart shows both a tendency toward poverty and the ability to make money? The simple answer is that, over time, both statements will be true. Rare indeed is the person who can make money under all circumstances, with any product, any company, or any partners. The more indicators of wealth, the easier it is for you to lean in that direction. The more indicators of poverty, the harder it is to work your way out of debt if you get into it.

It is this frank discussion of tendencies which may be the most valuable part of Classical Astrology today. Consider financial matters. Classical Astrology breaks up the lifetime into three periods. For ease of expression, let's consider these three periods childhood (you're dependent on others for your finances), adulthood (you're dependent on your own work or that of your partner), and retirement (you live off of accumulated wealth from your adult period). Now: suppose that the adult period shows up as the strongest. This suggests that you really do need to pay attention to saving money for retirement, because your tendency is to underestimate your retirement needs. If your retirement period doesn't look good financially, then you shouldn't plan on becoming a Wall Street Maven when you have shown no talent in this vocation previously! You may not in fact find it easy to retire at all. On the other hand, if all three of these periods show as strong, then you can be one of those few people who really never need be concerned about how you're going to pay for tomorrow.

Or consider your ability to hire people. You may think this doesn't apply because you are not a manager at work, but this tendency applies to any work you contract: babysitting, lawn work, household repairs, gardening, or plumbing. Classical Astrology distinguishes between your ability to find and hire people of good character, versus your ability to get good work out of them! Thus, you could hire the biggest scoundrels on the block, but they do good work for you! Or you could hire the nicest people around, but somehow, they never seem to get the job done.

These are pretty specific cases. And so back to our question of Classical and Modern. Is knowing your tendencies from a financial point of view stifling your free will, or a basis for sound financial planning?

One more point. Classical Astrology never used the Outer Planets Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. However, most modern Classicists do use them in a manner somewhat different from Modern astrologers. Most Classicists use them for their aspects and house placements, but not as rulers of signs or houses. While I personally use them, I have chosen not to include them in this report in order to keep this closer to the style of delineation that was practiced in classical times.

The information presented in this report is one way to characterize a person. Like any report writer, this cannot be considered to be a complete or ultimate description. There is little likelihood that I would ever make this text the major portion of a delineation I gave to a client - any more than this would be true of other report writers! This report hopefully provides a bridge between a way of viewing life unfoldment in a culture which lacked much belief in the ability for self improvement, to a culture in which self improvement has become an obsession. Both viewpoints have their validity. To believe that everything that happens to the Native is a result of her or his Free Will is to end up blaming the person when things go wrong. But to stand by when action is needed to change one's lot is folly.

Thus, I have chosen to translate much of the ancient descriptions into a more modern parlance. It is not my choice for Classical Astrology to remain pure in dogma, but dead in application. In the words of Ken Wilbur, "If by 'ancient' we mean 'timeless,' then ... our culture is in desparate need of such wisdom.... But if by 'ancient' we mean 'past forms of Truth,; then I believe nothing but a reactionary, antiprogressive, antiliberal, anti-evolutionary stance could ever result from such an importation." (The Eye of Spirit, p 61).

House Placements

Astrology groups themes under twelve areas, known as houses. These encompass the arenas of life in which it is possible to classify circumstances. The difference between a planet and a house is this: a planet represents a state of being, or an activity. A house shows where that planet is most likely to manifest. When we talk about placement, we are talking about houses.

Planets do two things with respect to houses: they occupy houses, and they rule houses. Modern Astrology for the most part has played down the importance of house rulership, while Classical Astrology considers both situations as nearly equal in value. The other thing that these two concepts provide is linkage between themes.

For example, having your 9th House ruled by a planet in the 1st House links issues of the 9th and the 1st. This would mean that travel is very important to you, as is education, and religious, philosophical or spiritual ideas. Travel, education, and religious, philosophical or spiritual ideas are all 9th House matters: the 1st House shows those issues which are most important for your happiness.

In all these examples, the outline is provided by the placements, but then this is in turn modified by quality considerations. So you enjoy travel. But suppose your 9th House ruler in the 1st House is blocked or inhibited. You still enjoy travel, but you may get sick on trips. Education is important to you, but you get into arguments with your instructors, and they mark you down for it, and so you find it difficult to get ahead. You might be very attracted to religious matters, but all the religious types you meet seem to be frauds, looking for a profit or some easy sex.

On the other hand, suppose your 9th House ruler in the 1st House is especially strong. Now, you really seem to be able to have the time to travel, and to enjoy it without too much worry. You encounter few obstacles to your educational pursuits - except those you create for yourself!

In this fashion, we can evaluate difference slices of life from the standpoint of how easy it is, where the obstacles occur, and when we have to really work to achieve a goal. Much of the inspiration for these ideas comes from the 17th Century English astrologer William Lilly's book, Christian Astrology, in the natal section.

Sources for text are shown as an abbreviation after each paragraph. Note that the text is derived from these various classical sources, and does not represent exact quotations.

C = Coley

GC = Gadbury & Coley

GF = Gadbury & Firmicus

iE = ibn Ezra

P = Partridge

Affairs of the 1st House: Health, Vitality, Happiness

It's funny: we almost never talk about happiness, as if it's somehow taboo to go through life happy. The ancients didn't think so. By linking health, vitality and happiness in the same house, they said something at once simple and profound: it's easiest to be happy or satisfied with life when one doesn't have to think about health, and very difficult to enjoy life in the midst of pain.

What is vitality? One simple explanation given by the ancients was the ability to live a long life. This is easier to do if the following conditions apply: you are basically healthy, not subject to a series of debilitating diseases, not accident prone, not vindictive enough to put yourself into violent situations voluntarily, and not weighed down so much by life that you passively roll over and play dead. We can see this quality working in studies of older patients, in which the more demanding or obnoxious outlive the more passive or meek.

But another level of vitality is a zest for living. The 1st House shows you those matters which hold your interest: what intrigues, seduces, and tempts you to stay around, like the teaser at the end of the cliffhanger that brings you back for the sequel. If you are not engaged by life, not only are you not likely to enjoy it, but you won't fight very hard to retain it.

The next component of this vitality/happiness cluster is the quality of mind and manners of the Native. No, not Miss Manners. The 1st House tells in part the filter used when we react to circumstances: is there a hair-trigger temper, or do we ponderously weigh all alternatives before making a move? Are our reactive patterns based on cold logic, or hot passion?

The Ascendant is in Virgo

On average, your appearance will tend in the following directions, within the range of your genetic background: appearance well-composed; parts of the body spare or "brief," or slender; complexion brown or ruddy; eyes large; face more oval than round; hair thick, black, or dark; not very beautiful; voice small & shrill; well-spoken and witty. (C)

Dispositor of The Ascendant is Mercury

The Almuten of The Ascendant is Mercury

...and Mercury is Debilitated by Aspect with Malefic

You are verbal, but with a tendency to boast - you pretend to more knowledge than you have. It is easy to fall into lying, cheating, pilfering, and other dishonest actions. (C)

...and The chart is Nocturnal

You associate with somewhat important persons, and often end up managing their affairs, because you are reasonably prudent in your judgments.

...and Mercury is in Capricorn

You are suspicious, and not unwilling to bad-mouth others, but you willingly associate with spiritual or wise persons.

Dispositor of The Ascendant is in Capricorn

Your knees may be a focal point of health issues. If male, you would tend to a thinner beard than typical for your family. If female, your breasts are narrower than typical. In some way, your body is disproportioned. You tend toward leanness, medium height, rough skin, with a thin and narrow chin, and darker hair than your family pattern. You tend toward poor posture. Being a four-footed sign, you have a strong sex drive. This also means that you can be vicious or violent if angered. As you get older, you may be troubled by blindness or deafness, or simply by a dimming of all the senses. As a child, you have a tendency toward being sickly. (C)

The South Node is in the 1st House

You experience mischief and trouble, being perplexed in both body and mind. You are sad much of the time. Scandals and calamities attend you. Your eyesight may be in danger. (GF)

Dispositor of The Ascendant is in 4th

You may well inherit property. You will do well investing in real estate if you are diligent. (GC)

Out-of-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 1st is in Rulership, Exaltation or Triplicity

...and Out-of-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 1st is not in Detriment or Fall

Adulthood becomes a pleasant rite of passage. During these years, you feel in control of your life. (iE)

Affairs of the 2nd House: Money & Possessions

Of course, anyone who tells you money doesn't matter is most likely lying, or not paying attention! There are actually four houses that relate to money and possessions, but this one is usually the most obvious because it affects us on a very personal level.

So: the bottom line question raised by this house is: will you be rich, and will you be able to hang on to it? Not, will you be well off, or will you have enough money not to worry about it. These are timid questions. The secondary question raised by this house is what kind of affairs allow you to prosper? Notice that this is not the same as asking: what profession should I follow? The assumption that wealth is acquired through personal work or toil is too limiting.

The down side of this house is that it may also show if you will have difficulty keeping your head above water financially. However, it is to be hoped that, by understanding the complex of circumstances that results in poverty, you may gain some creative possibilities for frustrating those circumstances, allowing you to escape by a means that may not at first seem like the obvious path.

Ruler of the 2nd House is Venus

You will be most likely to make money from: matters of love, pity, fellowship, beauty, gifts for lovers, marriage, finances surrounding marriage; or all fine ornaments for the body, sensuality, or anything contributing to carnal pleasures. The people you will most likely work with are: gentle types, well dressed; dancers, lovers, hedonists; those who enjoy banquets, musicians, poets, painters, etc. (P)

Another way of looking at this is to say that you profit by making others feel good. You may profit more from your work with women, rather than with men.

Ruler of the 2nd is in the 6th House

You suffer financial loss from servants or employees. You should not attempt to profit from small animals or birds, because you are more likely to lose than to gain. You are in danger of losing significant money from illness: make provision for proper insurance to cover lost wages or time. (GC)

Participating Triplicity Ruler of the 2nd is in Detriment or Fall

Your retirement years may be financially rocky, to the point that you must constantly struggle to stay ahead. Your best bet is to carefully plan for retirement, and double the amounts that you think you might need. (iE)

Affairs of the 3rd House: Short Trips, Spirituality, Information, Siblings, & Relatives

The condition of the 3rd House affects several seemingly unrelated issues. How are siblings related to short trips, much less spirituality to either? Classical Astrology separates these matters by using the three different triplicity rulers.

The 3rd House tells you about how important your siblings and relatives of your own generation are in your adult life. A very strong ruler - whether through dignity or debility - will show that they play an active part. Strong disability may indicate that either you cannot stand them, or that you end up bailing them out of trouble. A strong dignity shows that they may become important allies, helping you out and aiding you.

Short trips are greatly a matter of personal definition, given our modern means of transportation. It used to be that a short trip was inland, and probably less than a day's ride. Now it's more nebulous, so let me suggest the following tip-offs that a trip is "short" instead of "long."

· It's the next town or city: you could reach it by a car trip of 30 minutes or less.

· It's a city that you used to live in. You know how to make your way around without having to consult a map too often.

· It's a city that you have visited before, probably enough times to develop preferences for repeat visits to places like restaurants, stores, or entertainment venues.

· You have friends living there, and have the option to stay with them, even if you opt for a hotel!

· If a tourist encounters you on the street, you can most likely answer the questions asked.

The spiritual dimension of the 3rd House is often underrated. However, this is a very old idea: the original Greek names for the 3rd and 9th Houses, the religious axis of the chart, were "goddess" and "god" respectively. So: what's the difference between "goddess" and "god," especially in a society which is mainly not polytheistic? Two things. First, there are direct religious manifestations that are unequivocally feminine in nature. In Catholicism, visions of the Virgin Mary, or a focus on devotion to the image of Mary would be such a case. Devotion associated with feminine types of monuments or landscapes would also apply: places such as grottoes, or fountains, or even feminine place names would be another example. Also, in considering the status of women in Greek culture at the time of the naming of these houses, it is clear that women (and by extension, goddesses) were the out-of-power party in religious practice. Thus, 3rd House religion often encompasses heresies, or practices that don't follow the societal norm of the Native's cultural environment.

Finally, we arrive at information, what classical astrologer William Lilly would have called "news," and again, we have a technological gap to transcend. "News" is as old as the hills, and in its simplest form, we might substitute the word "gossip." The condition of the 3rd House shows how well the grapevine works for you: do you get accurate tidings, or a message hopelessly garbled? In our information age, the seeming triviality of gossip begins to assume almost sinister proportions. Now, a clear channel means that you are successful at conveying your ideas, whether to your neighbor, or to that newsgroup you love.

How does this work? Suppose your 3rd House ruler is dignified, but square Saturn. This would suggest that you have serious disagreements with siblings and relatives of your own generation. You would encounter logistical hassles when you travel, although you could still gain a great deal through these trips. You have a strong spiritual interest, but it is probably not directed to the religion in which you were raised. You have a strong skeptical streak that makes you immune to spiritual blackmail or scare tactics. You may do better as a critic or technical writer than as a creative writer.

If your 3rd House ruler is weak, then this says less about the nature of your relation to your siblings and close relations than that they are simply not likely to be much of a factor in your adult life. You may find it difficult to write because you find it hard to stick to the topic at hand, and are disorganized. Your spiritual interests, if you bother at all, are not likely to be very time-consuming. You find it hard to plan the logistics of traveling.

Ruler of the 3rd House is Mars

You do your best writing when you're angry. You write more as a combatant than for any other reason. This can also be shown through an ironic or satirical wit. Similarly, in school, you do better if there is a challenge or a contest involved. You are quite capable of hard work, but you find that you need a strong regimen or structure, because otherwise, your activities become scattered.

Ruler of the 3rd is in the 4th House

Your relations are after your patrimony, and will squander it if given the opportunity. (GC)

Out-of-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 3rd is in Rulership, Exaltation or Triplicity

...and Out-of-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 3rd is not in Detriment or Fall

Any middle sibling or cousins you may have are friends and allies most of the time. (iE)

Affairs of the 4th House: Parents, Property & Home Life

The 4th House has always been associated with your parents, although which parent has varied somewhat according to different astrologers. The specific meaning of the 4th House would be closer to "ancestors," because this is the house that ties you to the "vertical" dimension of your family: continuity over time. The word "paternity" is associated with this house: in a less sexist terminology, this is the nonmonetary inheritance you acquire through the legacy of your parents - the monetary component comes through the 8th House.

Modern Astrology often describes the 4th House as the "house of the home." This is true - in part. People with a large number of planets in the 4th House may find it difficult to work outside the home - sometimes, they even find it difficult to go out for any reason! The sign on the 4th House will tell you something about how you view your living environment.

But more importantly, the quality of the 4th House tells you what kind of support you receive from your family. A planet ruling the 4th House that is strong means you received considerable support from your family, and that they will contribute to your success. A poorly configured 4th House ruler means that you received little support from your family, or that they were actually harmful to your development. A weak 4th House ruler means that your family doesn't really help you at all, regardless of their intentions. In reality, they may even inadvertently manage to distract you.

Jupiter is in the 4th House

You are assured of riches from land and houses, and sometimes even from buried treasure. You shall profit from eminent persons, often without having to work very hard for it. Your parents are honored, and so are you. You obtain a great deal of authority, and live in great pomp and glory. You can be trusted with the highest public duties. You may be sent on frequent journeys as an emissary of eminent or politically connected persons. You have a knack for foretelling the future. You have a fortunate old age. (GF)

...and The chart is Nocturnal

Your income is moderate, but it improves over time. (GF)

Mars is in the 4th House

You have a violent streak which could be felonious if you don't get it under control. It can utterly ruin your reputation, and cause you much calamity and trouble: destroying both your reputation and your dwelling. It threatens damage by fire, wounds, and hurts to your body; molestation, loss or damage from your partner. Your temper knows no bounds, and after rampaging, snuffs out like a candle, leaving an unsavory scent behind. (GF)

...and Mars is Conjunct Jupiter

Fortunately, you do have the choice about exercising self control. If this is going to work, you need an outlet for the energy. Consider this well. (GF)

...and The chart is Nocturnal

You have martial leanings, but you will have difficulties, and end up being stationed in forlorn places, or you will end up taking care of wild beasts. You are rebellious, and you are likely to waste your inheritance or any other money. (GF)

Mercury is in the 4th House

You have an excellent memory, and good understanding; a brain apt for higher education. You are acute, and apt in all business. You can, by industry and ingenuity, accumulate a stable fortune in land and estates. However, there is apt to be contention, strife and molestation with those closely related to you. (GF)

...and Mercury Rises Before The Sun

You are capable of teaching secret arts. (GF)

...and Jupiter is Conjunct Mercury

You are capable of making great mathematical or technological discoveries. This may happen as much by serendipity as by conscious attempt. This same ability may lead you to any kind of hidden treasure. You may undertake the care or guardianship of others. (GF)

...and Mars is Conjunct Mercury

You are sluggish and humble in all occupations and fortune. You are constantly bickering with parents or relatives. Plotting and scheming is not out of the question. You can make a decent living as a professional witness. However, if fortune turns against you (as it can) you are not above engaging at illegal practices, at which you are likely to get caught. (GF)

Ruler of the 4th is in the 4th House

You are financially fortunate with regard to real estate, land, all fixed commodities, and husbandry. You will benefit from elders in your family. You will tend to increase the wealth of your family. (GC)

...and Ruler of the 4th is in Fall

However, no matter how much you profit, you will tend to spend that much or more. The best solution is to radically reconsider how you approach money and finances, because most likely any conventional financial advice you receive will backfire. (GC)

In-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 4th is in Detriment or Fall

Your father is problematic as a figure in your life, and often he is more a hindrance than a help. (iE)

Out-of-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 4th is Peregrine

Sometimes, you can do well at real estate; sometimes not. (iE)

Affairs of the 5th House: Children, Affairs, Speculation, Recreation & Fun

The affairs of the 5th House have not always been valued - at least the more entertaining parts. Let's try to separate the components.

First, the 5th House tells about how you enjoy yourself. This usually means sex and carousing. However, not everyone enjoys these activities. There are other things that you may enjoy as well: art, or sports, your children, gambling, singing, or even praying.

Next, since sex is a matter for the 5th House, it is not surprising that the result of heterosexual intercourse, namely pregnancy, is also a 5th House matter, as is the ultimate result, children. If your 5th House ruler is Saturn, or Saturn is in your 5th House, you are not likely to have as many children as someone who has Venus ruling the house instead.

The planets associated with the 5th House and their condition will show you how you get along with any children you do have. If your 5th House ruler is square Mars, it's a sure thing that you will argue with your children, and that they will rebel against you, often purely for the sake of doing it. The planets involved with the 5th House can also tell you in a general way about the health and success of your children, although their own birth charts are preferred.

Speculation or gambling is also a 5th House matter. We should note that the more speculative financial instruments - certainly commodities and futures, and often stocks - are also included under the theme gambling. If the ruler of your 5th House is dignified, you may do well in these areas. If it is Saturn, you are generally reluctant to gamble at anything, especially without a system.

The Sun is in the 5th House

While you are not likely to have many children, any you have will be honorable and renowned. You will receive honor, dignity, and gifts from eminent persons. (GF)

Ruler of the 5th House is Saturn

The thought of gambling about anything - whether with real money or not - does not appeal to you. You like quiet pleasures, often solitary ones. You're more likely to be a wallflower than the life of the party.

Ruler of the 5th is in the 9th House

Any children you have will either be religious, or well educated. They will be inventive, and enjoy traveling. (GC)

Out-of-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 5th is in Rulership, Exaltation or Triplicity

...and Out-of-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 5th is not in Detriment or Fall

You take your pleasures when you can, and enjoy them while you may. (iE)

Affairs of the 6th House: Illness, Danger & the Work Environment

Combining the work environment with illness points out a fundamental truth: many illnesses are related to stress, and our work situations are prime candidates for stress creation.

If your 6th House ruler is square or opposite Mars, then you are accident prone. If your 6th House ruler is square or opposite Saturn, then you are subject to annoying, chronic conditions. The same is possible for planets in the 6th House that are in hard aspect to Mars or Saturn.

If your 6th House ruler is strong and free from afflictions, you may expect to enjoy good health, and you have the ability to throw off most diseases you do encounter. However, if your 6th House ruler is weak, then you will find it hard to throw off illnesses.

In addition to showing your own work conditions, the 6th House also shows how you deal with persons who used to be called servants, but what we might now call day-laborers or employees. If you have employees, this is clear. But many of us who never think of ourselves as having employees nonetheless encounter this through nonskilled household labor: whether in the form of cleaning people, general purpose repair people (a professional repair person, such as a plumber, would be 7th House), or construction workers. Anyone who works primarily outside on the lawn or garden would be shown through the ruler of the 4th House.

If your 6th House ruler is strong and free from afflictions, then you have generally good relations with employees and laborers, and benefit from their work. However, if your 6th House ruler is weak, then you encounter problems: sloppy work, dishonesty, or the like.

Venus is in the 6th House

You suffer much loss and damage from servants and employees, mainly female. Your diseases are few, but you are susceptible to sexually transmitted ones. Your partner is likely to be from a lower social class. (GF)

...and Jupiter is Sextile Venus

Any loss from servants and employees is offset by gains. You can make money dealing in small animals or birds. (GF)

The Moon is in the 6th House

Many diseases may plague you in both body and mind. (GF)

Ruler of the 6th is in the 9th House

If you travel abroad, you are likely to get sick. (GC)

...and Ruler of the 6th is Dignified and not Combust

You are honest, sincere, and of good manners. (GC)

Ruler of the 6th House is Saturn

You are subject to the following general health issues: rheumatism, leprosy, obstructions, trembling, palsies, toothache, deafness, vain fears, gout, rashes with itching, knee problems, hemorrhoids, fractures, dislocations, ruptures, sciatica, bladder infections, madness, chronic disease, or forgetfulness.

...and Saturn is in Taurus

In addition, you are specifically subject to the following health issues: neck swellings such as goiter, scrofula (associated with moral corruption), scurvy, hoarseness, general dullness, indisposition, sore throats, strep throats, difficulty speaking, or tonsillitis.

Participating Triplicity Ruler of the 6th is in Detriment or Fall

You never seem to get good results from employees, day laborers, occasional workers, and hired help. As a result, you are often dissatisfied with their accomplishments. (iE)

Affairs of the 7th House: Intimate Partners, Business Partners, Open Enemies & Clients

This house was traditionally designated "marriage," but societal attitudes toward cohabitation following sex have changed! First of all, for large stretches of time in European history, the lower classes cohabited when they felt like it, without the benefit of Church or civil rites to sanctify the union. The elaborate rituals of marriage were reserved for the upper classes. However, those astrologers who catered to the upper classes have proved more successful; thus, our references and our lore on marriage and cohabitation follow the upper class ideal, which has simply been appropriated by the lower classes once overall living standards improved.

However, marriage in the upper class mode was arranged, had nothing to do with love, and everything to do with property and heirs. A proper delineation of the 7th House thus began with the question of whether the Native would marry. This consideration had nothing to do with such questions as: how relationship-oriented is the Native, but whether the Native had or could accumulate sufficient wealth to make marriage a reasonable result, or enterprise.

When the historical association between marriage and business is understood, the attribution of marriage and (business) partnership to the same house becomes obvious - they are simply two variations of the same thing. However, even so, it was understood that love was possible between partners - it just wasn't necessary.

A loving relationship is shown by a trine or sextile between the rulers of the 1st and 7th Houses, or planets therein.

One more thought. It is still quite obvious to think in terms of relationships being primarily 5th or 7th House in nature. For example, a relationship which is heavily sexual, with no merging of finances and without living together is unequivocally 5th, while a relationship with cohabitation and a greater or lesser degree of financial mingling is 7th in nature. It has become the custom of our society since the Sixties that relationships begin in the 5th, and then move to the 7th if the parties are willing.

If we consider the astrological ramifications of this 5th to 7th transition, we also come up against our relatively high divorce rates: for this scenario to work, you have to have an easy relationship between 5th and 7th Houses! This could be expressed as:

· ruler of the 5th in the 7th, or ruler of the 7th in the 5th,

· a harmonious aspect between planets in or ruling the two houses, or

· mutual reception between planets in or ruling the two houses.

Without a link between these two houses, the transition becomes problematic at best, and with stress between the two houses, such as produced by the rulers in square, the transition may be painful. Thus, it is possible to determine whether you work better in a 7th House versus a 5th House mode, by considering the relative strength and ease of these two houses, and then whether you can follow the 5th to 7th scenario. If you cannot do the transition, but your 7th House still has promise, then the solution may be to be totally unconventional and not begin the relationship in the 5th!

The North Node is in the 7th House

You have very few enemies, and you receive much good from your partner, who is rich, honest, prudent, and excellent manner. (GF)

Ruler of the 7th House is Jupiter

Your preferred type for long-term relationships is meek, chaste, modest, discreet, just and faithful, prudent. But if unfortunate, then s/he is indifferent to all these virtues; but not bad enough to be vicious. (P)

Ruler of the 7th is in the 4th House

You will increase your holdings through a good partnership. Your partner should prove virtuous and honest. (GC)

...and Ruler of the 7th is in Fall

You will not find it easy to acquire real estate without trouble and contention. (GC)

Out-of-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 7th is in Rulership, Exaltation or Triplicity

...and Out-of-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 7th is not in Detriment or Fall

In conflict situations or quarrels, you generally come through. (iE)

Affairs of the 8th House: Death, Taxes, Inheritance & Other People's Money

The 8th House traditionally had two dimensions: the very personal one of death, and the transpersonal one of other people's money. The specific issue of other people's money came about because this is the house of your partner's money, whether your partner in business, or your marriage partner.

The monetary aspect of this house was treated in the same fashion as the 2nd House, with the addition of the idea that one specific money angle is monetary inheritances from dead persons - land and other real estate inheritance is covered by the 4th House.

As for death, astrology has long recognized that you can be plagued by many illnesses, but not die from them, instead dying by some completely different means. This idea used to fall under the rubric of "morbidity" versus "mortality." One further point on mortality: one method of delineating the nature of death is by using the planet ruling the 8th House, sometimes called Anareta. Some sources gave other options for a different planet to be Anareta. There is even a Part of Anareta. Whichever definition is preferred, the extent of dignity of the Anareta is important. A poorly dignified Anareta results in a sudden death. The idea was clearly that to die "well" meant to have the time to accept the process, make your peace with God and your fellows, and then to die in witnessed, genteel conditions, fully shriven or forgiven. A sudden death did not allow for absolution or preparation, and was thus less ideal. However, these days, with hosts of lingering illnesses possible, many of us prefer the concept of "sudden!"

Ruler of the 8th is in the 4th House

Your parents are likely to be sickly, and afflicted with all sorts of misfortunes and problems. You, however, will end your days in your own proper place, whether at home or in your own land. (GC)

...and Ruler of the 8th is Antiscion the Dispositor of The Ascendant

...and Ruler of the 8th is Conjunct the Dispositor of The Ascendant

...and Ruler of the 8th is Dignified and not Combust

Your parents' problems can be surmounted, however, and need not cause you to grieve. (GC)

In-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 8th is in Detriment or Fall

You may die suddenly (this is not a guarantee), so it is best to make sure that you keep your will updated, and also that you execute whatever legal paperwork you wish concerning medical powers of attorney. (iE)

Out-of-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 8th is Peregrine

Hence, you probably should not get involved in antiques or collectibles, unless you can find an interesting "angle" or slant which is somewhat contrarian in nature. (iE)

Affairs of the 9th House: Long Trips, Law, Education & Spiritual/Philosophical Matters

We have already touched on the difference between long and short journeys in the section on the 3rd House, as well as the difference between societally condoned, versus out-of-favor religions. It is worth mentioning that the concept of "atheist" as we know it - namely, someone who does not believe in any higher power - could not even be conceived until the 17th Century! Earlier, when the word "atheist" was applied (always as an insult), it meant something closer to "heretic" or "schismatic."

The importance of the 9th House from a religious dimension was twofold. First, it could tell whether you were likely to have a career in religion - or law. Once upon a time, the two fields were linked since Justice was thought to be divine. Secondly, it told the state of your ethical abilities.

A genius at ethics, so to speak, is someone who realizes that all actions occur within a matrix that not only affects others, but extends to the divine as well. Thus, an action cannot be only for one's own benefit, because this action in turn impacts others. A strong 9th House, either by planetary placement or rulership, brings you into alignment with these dimensions, and promotes a curiosity and drive to understand how this works. That drive, in turn, can fuel all educational endeavors.

The 9th House is linked to education because the 9th House was viewed as the training ground for the honors and preferments offered through the 10th House. Thus, it would be correct to assign either higher education or vocational education to this house.

Saturn is in the 9th House

With work, you may become renowned at religion, philosophy, or occult arts. (GF)

...and Saturn is not in Rulership, Exaltation or Triplicity

...and Saturn is not Square Venus

...and Saturn is not Square Venus

...and Saturn is not Square Venus

...and Saturn is not Conjunct Jupiter

...and Saturn is not Sextile Jupiter

...and Saturn is not Trine Jupiter

You experience much damage and loss from long or protracted trips. You are not liked by eminent persons. You find it too easy to become a hypocrite or dissembler, devaluing ethics and morality. You become accustomed to terrible dreams. (GF)

...and The chart is Nocturnal

You are unlucky, and you are not liked by persons higher up the social hierarchy. You must be careful not to antagonize eminent persons, because they are quick to take offense from you. (GF)

Ruler of the 9th House is Venus

The reasons you may travel are because of: matters of love, pity, fellowship, beauty, gifts for lovers, marriage, finances surrounding marriage; or all fine ornaments for the body, sensuality, or anything contributing to carnal pleasures. The people you will most likely meet on your travels are: gentle types, well dressed, dancers, lovers, hedonists, those who enjoy banquets, musicians, poets, painters, etc. (P)

However, we have seen that the 9th House rules more than traveling. You enjoy learning and ideas: in fact, it could rightly be called a passion of yours. However, there is a distinct connection between learning and faith. You find it difficult to 'suspend judgement' in order to learn about it: your best learning is about things that you deeply believe in.

Ruler of the 9th is in the 6th House

You are likely to find a partner below your station. You do well by employees and servants. You may profit from matters relating to small animals. You should take precautions about getting sick when you travel. (GC)

Diurnal Triplicity Ruler of the 9th is in Rulership, Exaltation or Triplicity

...and Diurnal Triplicity Ruler of the 9th is not in Detriment or Fall

You will enjoy and benefit from travel. (iE)

Affairs of the 10th House: Career, Business, Honor, Status, Promotion & Your Mother

There are actually a number of ways of looking at your career patterns: the 10th House is simply the house most closely associated with this concept. It is at this point that we come up against the real variations in what constitutes "success" in the world, because Astrology can be fairly literal in defining it according to the social strictures of society.

"Rich" in an astrological definition is way beyond a Middle Class income. For one thing, it has become common in the 20th Century to apply the term "Middle Class" to what, in the 19th Century, would have been called "Tradesmen" (sic). Do you have the second home in the country, at least three full-time servants, and the ability to travel (First Class at full fare) anytime you want to? Do you pay cash for your Mercedes sports car or custom limo? If not, you're not even Middle Class by the 19th Century standard! So what we really have here is a scale which runs from destitute to filthy rich, with the understanding that the vast majority of people will fall in the middle.

Most of us will end up with one or two indicators of wealth, and a couple of items that promote poverty. If there is a majority of wealth indicators, then you are likely to be comfortable; if there is a majority of poverty indicators, you are likely to spend your life worrying about money, because there never seems to be enough. It is only when the indicators are overwhelming one way or the other that one of the extremes is likely.

And so it is with career. The first thing that we observe is that the 10th House is actually the house of honor and preferment. Remember, this is based on a societal structure in which service resulted in title grants or land grants, and land in turn generated income and wealth. Thus, the primary interpretation of the 10th House was twofold:

· To determine whether you have a kingly geniture. If so, it speaks highly for your ability to radically climb the social ladder. Of course, born to a royal family, this is an argument that you would reach the throne.

· Whether you will be liked, admired, praised and honored by those higher in the social order than you are. This works from the adage "It's not what you know, but who you know," and the bottom line is, you will get ahead if your social betters like or respect you enough to push your career.

Ruler of the 10th House is Mercury

You receive honor for your learning, wit, eloquence, council, skill in the sciences, etc. (P)

Ruler of the 10th is in the 4th House

You gain much prestige by making yourself available to negotiate and attend to the business of eminent persons. Through your success in these endeavors, you shall gain considerably with respect to landed wealth, and get investment opportunities involving real estate. You have the ability to get a good return on real estate in any case (GC).

Participating Triplicity Ruler of the 10th is in Detriment or Fall

While you may accomplish your career goals, it may not seem like enough. (iE)

Affairs of the 11th House: Friends, Hopes & Wishes

One of the truly unfortunate aspects of modern life is that we often cheapen the value of friendship. Granted, our greater mobility and fast paced society often makes it hard to maintain relationships that prosper with regular, unhurried concourse. Anyone that we have met half a dozen times becomes a friend by modern definition, and this devaluation is all the more obvious through the expedient that we used to tell friends apart from acquaintances by whether we used first names: now we use first names for everyone!

The 11th House shows the quality of friends. The nature of the ruler and planets in the 11th House will describe the type of friends that you have.

· Saturn gives older people, metalworkers, farmers, miners, those who deal in unpopular matters, real estate, antiques, or repairing items.

· Jupiter gives religious professions, lawyers, rich people, magistrates, judges, and honest people.

· Mars gives soldiers, athletes, surgeons, doctors, tradespeople, police, rash, violent, ardent, proud, bold, or brash people.

· Sun gives heads of government or corporations, people in authority, eminent people, or officers.

· Venus gives artists, musicians, druggists, gamesters, people of the fashion industry, painters, keepers of bars or restaurants, or those enjoying carousing, gaming, and other pleasures.

· Mercury gives people with curiosity, craftspeople, learned types, students, clerks, secretaries, merchants, wordsmiths, or other people who live by their wits.

· Moon gives widows, women of high social status, ambassadors, messengers, sailors, those who live by fishing or the Sea, or people who are inconstant or wavering.

The condition of the ruler of the 11th shows the quality of these friends. If your 11th House ruler is dignified, then your friends will be of great help to you. If your 11th House ruler is debilitated, then you may need to help your friends more than they can help you. If your 11th House ruler is peregrine, then your friends may wander through life without a clear path - which is not to say they are unfaithful to you, but they may often be distracted.

A fixed sign on the 11th House bodes for longer lasting friendships - it's almost as if you couldn't get rid of them if you tried! The other signs produce less stability, but this may be from mobility as much as anything else.

Hard aspects to malefics, or a debilitated ruler of the 11th House in the 12th House brings up the possible danger that your friends become your enemies.

There are also certain planetary pairs that are easier. Consider the planets ruling 1st House and the 11th House. The intrinsic nature of this pair determines how easily you and your friends agree, or have amicable relations.

· Saturn is friendly with Jupiter, Sun and Moon; but enemies with Venus and Mars.

· Jupiter is friendly with ever other planet but Mars.

· Mars is friendly only with Venus.

· Sun has only Jupiter and Venus as friends.

· Venus is only enemies with Saturn, but friendly with all others.

· Mercury is friendly with Saturn, Jupiter and Venus, and enemies with all others.

· The Moon is friendly with Saturn, Jupiter and Venus, and enemies with all others.

Ruler of the 11th is in the 6th House

You are not likely to live a long life, and you are impeded by many troubles. You are fortunate in your family. (GC)

...and Ruler of the 11th is Dignified and not Combust

You will be able to struggle through these misfortunes with ease and grace, and ultimately be victorious over many of them. (GC)

Out-of-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 11th is in Rulership, Exaltation or Triplicity

...and Out-of-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 11th is not in Detriment or Fall

You have remarkable friends (for the most part). (iE)

Affairs of the 12th House: Secret Enemies, Confinement & Sorrow

If we begin in the 1st House with happiness, we end in the 12th House with sorrow. Of the various types, there are two types which tend to be most dominant: enemies and confinement.

We experience two types of enemies: open and secret. Open enemies are shown by the 7th House, or by planets opposite the Sun and the Moon. Open enemies can be understood as somewhat more like adversaries in a sporting events: you are both trying to win, but there are rules. You may try to stretch them, but the competition is generally honorable. With 12th House enemies, there is no honor. Thus, secret enemies are usually much more devastating to your esteem, not to mention your reputation and estate, since you often never see them until it's too late.

The difference can be seen especially by comparing the difference between the ruler of the 11th House in the 7th versus in the 12th. The ruler of the 11th in the 7th means that your friends will alternate between being friendly and being competitive; but the ruler of the 11th in the 12th is the friend who smiles to your face while plotting behind your back.

So we all have enemies. The question is: how bad?

· Benefic planets ruling the 12th denote enemies of higher social standing than malefics.

· If the ruler of the 12th is in an angular house, then that party is in a powerful position.

· If the ruler of the 12th is dignified, then your enemies are powerful.

· If the ruler of the 12th is peregrine, then your enemies are distracted; too disorganized to provide much effective hindrance.

· If the ruler of the 12th is retrograde or debilitated, your enemies will not be successful.

The rules for imprisonment, confinement or captivity are rather complex. They basically point toward malefics strong in the 12th, in hard aspect to the Luminaries.

The Part of Fortune is in the 12th House

...and Dispositor of The Part of Fortune is not in Rulership, Exaltation or Triplicity

...and Dispositor of The Part of Fortune (Sun) is not Conjunct Venus

...and Dispositor of The Part of Fortune (Sun) is not Sextile Venus

...and Dispositor of The Part of Fortune (Sun) is not Trine Venus

...and Dispositor of The Part of Fortune (Sun) is not Conjunct Jupiter

...and Dispositor of The Part of Fortune (Sun) is not Sextile Jupiter

...and Dispositor of The Part of Fortune (Sun) is not Trine Jupiter

Dealing with the vexations from enemies will leach your finances away. You will lose financially from dealings in large animals or the affairs of hospitals and prisons.

Ruler of the 12th is in the 5th House

You may not want to have children! They will be delinquent, disobedient, and reproachful! But if you insist... you will have much sorrow thereby. (GC)

In-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 12th is in Detriment or Fall

You are quite capable of the dark night of the soul. Once depressed, you find it hard to bounce back. (iE)

Out-of-Sect Triplicity Ruler of the 12th is Peregrine

If you are detained or confined, you could probably find a way out if you wanted to. But if you are detained, it will most likely be for good medical reason. (iE)

Signs Placements

The modern tendency in describing the planets is to attribute qualities or tendencies to it. The ancient approach was a little different. The planets were generally described by describing persons ruled by the body. In other words, the emphasis was less on the planets as components of everybody's existence, than on classifying people as being of the nature of the planets.

This is a difference worth contemplating. It would be perhaps simplistic to note that we live in a more open society, one in which we have a greater range of opportunities. If you were born the son of a fisherman, you became a fisherman. As such, your profession was ruled by the Moon. But could you be something other than a lunar type?

Rather than attempt to judge this difference, let's consider the advantage of this approach. If we can paint pictures of a typical solar type, or martial type, what we have accomplished is the beginning of a story about these planets. If we can see them operating as separate creatures, or sub-personalities, we can begin to picture when they are operating, and what they want.

Thus, the object in understanding these descriptions is to allow us to recognize the symptoms that here is the Sun operating, or Venus, or Mars. And through understanding which body is operating in a particular moment, we then begin to understand what it needs in the situation at hand.

The Sun

We understand that the importance of the Sun and the Moon in Astrology stems from the Ancient's understanding of the importance of the Lights. They represented the major chronocrators, or time markers: the Sun (delineates or defines the Year) and the Moon (delineates the Month).

Gadbury says: "The Sun represents a person of a large corporature, full fleshy Body, large Face, and a broad high Forehead, a Complexion almost of a Saffron or Honey-Color, great goggle Eyes, and a sharp piercing sight; the Hair yellow or bright Flaxen, much Beard: he is one of a great Spirit, is honest, sincere, humane and courteous, of a healthful Constitution, bountiful and well minded.

"When the Sun is well dignified, the Native is then desirous of Rule, and Sovereignty; yet he is prudent, and of no incompatible Judgement, one that keeps his promises seriously: he is lofty and high, and will be mighty Industrious to acquire Honor and Repute: he will shew himself courageous and affable to every one: he will be grave, trusty, and secret, and a perfect Hater of sordid men or things.

"But if he be ill dignified, the Native will be proud, domineering, restless and troublesome, neither having gravity in his words, or sobriety in his actions, a mere vapor, cracking of his Pedigree, a spendthrift, or hanger on other men's charities."

So let's translate these ideas into modern parlance. The Sun is the planet called up when you are called upon to lead. As we will see, there is a significant overlap with the planet Mars, because both involve courage and action; but by nature, both are Hot and Dry, qualities we will consider presently.

So: how do we view the Sun in its leadership capacity? The specific quality of the Sun's leadership is given in the signs below. But we can glean certain general ideas. However, we can say certain general things about the Sun in this capacity.

If you are comfortable in your leadership abilities, then your style is relaxed: you are friendly and polite to those lower in the hierarchy than you are. The person who is nasty to inferiors is marked as a person not merely of poor leadership quality, but as someone who is not fully capable to leadership. In other words, this nasty quality is a symptom of a nonfunctional, or poorly functioning, Sun.

Similarly, excess ego or boasting is understood as a measure of poor self esteem: again, a Sun that is not functioning properly.

The Sun is in Capricorn

You are timid, inconstant, lecherous, and cruel. You are also just, discriminating, sometimes passionate, and you can be a good conversationalist if you put your mind to it. You are a traditionalist by temperament.

You are Cardinal, which means that you are better at starting new things than on finishing them.

You are an Earth Sign, which means that you are "cold" and "dry." The "dry" component means, among other things, that you see distinctions easily, and that you are more swayed by intellectual argument than by passion. You are perceived as being "cold," an outward appearance of unemotional. In the modern parlance, it fits better with "cold and dry" than with simply "cold." However, a "cold" type is basically lethargic, or slow to react. The "problem" with "cold" is that it makes it hard for you to forget slights. Because you don't tend to lash out immediately, it's hard for you not to allow your anger to build up. Combine this with a tendency, being "dry," to prefer the reasonable approach, and you can end up completely out of touch while your emotions run rampant.

Being a four-footed sign, you have a strong sex drive. This also means that you can be vicious or violent if angered.

...and The chart is located in the Northern Hemisphere

Capricorn being a sign of Winter, which is "cold" and "wet," the predominant influence, in combination with the Earth Element, is cold. "Cool under pressure" is a pretty good description.

...and The chart is Nocturnal

You have a tendency toward instability: seldom finishing anything you start, and simultaneously, you are attracted to change for change's sake.

The Sun is Peregrine

Your health and well being is delicate. This means that is can be difficult for you to maintain a sense of equilibrium, because you are so easily knocked out of balance. This means, among other things, that you are quite susceptible to opportunistic illnesses that come along during periods of stress. You may also be susceptible to depression that is specifically stress-related.

Normally, the Sun is an active energy: engaged in the course of life. You don't necessarily lack energy, but you find it difficult to channel in one particular direction. It's tough for you to follow in anyone's footsteps, because you need to strike out on your own course. To be happy, you must have an environment that allows a lot of leeway for personal expression. Cultural and family expectations and stereotypes seem too rigid. However, simply rebelling against them doesn't work very well either. The best solution ultimately is an idiosyncratic mix.

The Moon

Of the Moon, Gadbury says: "The Moon endues the Native with a Stature somewhat above the middle size, a round Face, whitely colored or pale, gray Eyes, and one a little bigger than the other. Much Hair both on the Head and Beard, color of a brightish brown. The whole body is plump, corpulent and phlegmatic, the hands short and fleshy.

"When the Moon is well dignified, the Native is witty and ingenious, and propense to many necessary and delightful Studies: he takes pleasure in Novelties: he is somewhat unsteadfast, and oftentimes flits and shifts his Habitations: he is timorous and easily frighted. A Lover and Desirer of Peace. A soft, tender and well-disposed Creature.

"But when the Moon is ill dignified, the Native proves a Vagabond, or mere Idle, lazy Companion, a drunken sottish Fellow, delighting to live carelessly and beggarly. One of no Spirit. A Hater of Labor, a mutable, unsettled, inconstant Person."

Here we see the Moon as the artistic temperament. The Moon gives creativity; but creativity thwarted results in laziness or idleness. Here we do not see the courage of the Sun or Mars, but a timid person, the kind who doesn't want to hurt a fly. The lunar type prizes Novelty for Novelty's sake. But again, an excess of this spirit, or a difficult course results in wavering, and wandering.

Notice that the sign of the Moon was not considered as important as Modern Astrology often makes it appear. The Moon, along with Mercury, was used to characterize the quality of mind.

The Moon is more dignifed than Mercury

You operate more from emotions and desires than from reason.

The Moon is in Aquarius

You are ingenious, affable, and courteous, inoffensive to all. You love puzzles and recreations, and have an aptitude for invention.

Mercury

Mercury and the Moon were believed to be the planets which most clearly delineated the "wit of the Native." Thus, Gadbury could say:

"When Mercury is well dignified, the Native is of a sharp and subtle Fancy, and hath a penetrating Brain, curious in the search of occult Knowledge, an admirable Logician and Disputant, very eloquent, apprehensive and witty in any thing, learning (almost) every thing without a Teacher: he is naturally desirous of Travelings, and willing to see strange Countries: he is of an unwearied and strong Imagination, and of many witty Inventions.

"But when ill dignified, the Native then usually proves a Liar, a prattling Fellow, a Boaster, a Busie-body, an Author of many strifes and contentions, a Pretender to all manner of Knowledge, but guilty of no solid Learning."

And he goes on! So: if your Mercury isn't well dignified, are you an idiot? Not exactly! Here we first see a clear case that any planet ill dignified has tendencies that are generally not encouraged by one's culture. For example, since Greek times at least, the West has fostered an attitude that Rationalism is the Right Way: Reason above all. Not only is a particular type of thinking encouraged, but particular ways of learning as well. If you don't find these methods to work, tough!

Mercury is in Capricorn

You are peevish and discontented. The results of your intentions are often unfortunate, leaving you feeling dejected and impotent.

Venus

Venus was called the Lesser Benefic, because overall, she was considered an asset. However, more than any other planet, the difference between Venus Hesperis, the Evening Star, and Venus Lucifer, the Morning Star, was obvious. Venus rules pleasure. However, as we know, Society is often nervous about its members experiencing too much pleasure! Gadbury said:

"When Venus is well dignified, the Native is of a merry and cheerful Disposition, loving and delighting in pleasures, cleanly and neat in his Apparel, always going neat and spruce, often entangles in Love-matters, zealous in affections, nothing mistrustful, or suspicious, a right virtuous person, either man or woman.

"But if Venus shall be ill dignified, the person or Native she signifies, is given to incestuous courses, to rioting and lewdness, not regarding his Faith, Credit, or Reputation, a mere spendthrift, a haunter of Taverns, Alehouses, and the company of lewd people, a lazy prattling, busie-body, atheistical, immodest Creature."

Clearly, we see that the balance here between good and bad is pleasure versus excess. It might be better to say that an ill dignified Venus results in the Native finding it difficult to draw the line: a person who just cannot say No.

Venus is in Pisces

You are good-humored, just in your actions, very mild and peaceable, ingenious, but mutable in your resolutions, yet moderately fortunate in the world.

Mars

Mars was called the Lesser Malefic, as Venus was called the Lesser Benefic. This meant that Mars was seen as marginally less obnoxious than Saturn. Gadbury listed its properties as being "the Author of Strife, Quarrels, Controversies and Contentions." The ills of the world were generally attributed to the malefics, although other planets in poor condition could produce evil. However, the generally agreed upon mischief-making capabilities of the two malefics was so strong that in mundane work, the conjunctions of Mars and Saturn every three years or so were interpreted to see which of the two was more likely to cause harm over the period of that conjunction. If Mars was stronger, droughts, war, contentions, fevers, and fires would predominate. If Saturn were the stronger, then famine, plague, starvation, and poverty would be more likely. What a choice!

But not everything about Mars is bad. As Gadbury continued, "When Mars is well dignified, then is the Native of a prudent Behavior in every thing. In War, none excels him: he is confident, bold, and unmovable, challenges all honor to himself, he will obey no-body willingly, a large Reporter of his own acts - slights, derides and condemns all things in comparison of Victory. Yet is he one that is of a prudent and excellent Behavior in his own Affairs.

"But when Mars is ill dignified, then is the Native a Prattler, without modesty or honesty, a Broacher of Quarrels, a Thief, a perjured or turbulent Fellow, a Promoter of mischiefs, a rash, inhumane, treacherous Fellow - a mere Incendiary, one that neither fears God, nor cares for honoring or reverencing Man."

We see that Mars is great to have on your side during a war, but not the best companion in peaceful times. There is courage, but cruelty - and the inability to "turn if off" once the need for the fight-or-flight approach has passed.

Mars is in Sagittarius

You have a quick eye, a large heart, and a hasty disposition. You are a cheerful, merry and jovial companion - active, courageous, and loquacious. You delight in decency, and in being applauded by others. You are even tempered.

Jupiter

Jupiter is the Greater Benefic, the planet potentially capable of providing the greatest good. In Gadbury's words, Jupiter is "the Author of Moderation, Justice, Temperance and Sobriety." Justice is a very good thing. The watchword for Mars is vengeance, rather the eye-for-an-eye mentality. Jupiter lacks these bloodthirsty traits. Jupiter knows that Divine Justice, the only really important kind, does not require much in the way of human intervention. Thus, Jupiter is not quick to condemn, where Mars would have already executed!

Gadbury says: "When Jupiter is well disposed, the Native is magnanimous, generous and faithful, aiming at honorable and lofty matters: he is wonderful fair in his delaying, and desirous to advantage and benefit others: he is of an excellent Conversation, doing many acts of charity - a very faithful, serious, constant and untainted Friend. He is just, nobel and prudent, and a perfect Hater of all unworthy and sordid persons and actions.

"But when Jupiter is ill disposed, then is the Native a mere prodigal or spendthrift: he wastes and consumes his Patrimony. A Hypocrite in matters of Faith and Religion, an ignorant, careless Fellow, and a gross, dull Capacity - a cringing, dissembling Companion, a skeptic or Atheist."

Observe the difference between dignified or debilitated. It's not that Jupiter dignified is "good" and Jupiter debilitated is "bad," but Jupiter dignified is generous, while Jupiter debilitated is wasteful.

Now about the teeth. For some reason, the sign of Jupiter was associated with the condition of the teeth. Why? Teeth are normally assigned to Saturn, occasionally to Aries, since Aries rules the head. However, Coley notes, "Jupiter, usually signifies good Teeth, (as Saturn doth the contrary,) and sometimes produces some notable and apparent mark in the fore-Teeth." By fore-teeth, we would specify incisors or canines.

Jupiter is in Capricorn

You are not very commendable, low spirited, peevish, not very active, nor fortunate in the world, unless other testimonies assist. You are, in short, a very helpless, indigent, harmless person. You have foul teeth. (C)

Saturn

Saturn is the Greater Malefic. Saturn represents Father Time, a concept that most of us do not enjoy. Saturn generically rules aging and older people. What Jupiter gives, Saturn takes away.

Gadbury says: "If Saturn be well dignified, the Person or Native represented by him, is grave and sober: he performs all his Actions with Judgement and Discretion: he hath a sharp Fancy, and strong Imagination, and is very studious.

"If Saturn be ill dignified, then the Native is malicious, envious, covetous, jealous, timorous, a meet lying, repining, and dissembling Fellow, and of a mistrustful, sordid, sluggish and suspicious disposition."

Notice that the difference in the description of Saturn dignified or not is the most extreme of all the planets. It was generally credited by Medieval times that a malefic dignified is less malefic, while a malefic debilitated is more so. Saturn dignified is merely serious and discrete; Saturn debilitated is sordid and envious.

Saturn is in Taurus

You are rugged and unkempt in your disposition, inclinable to vicious and sordid actions, unless the fortunes by their propitious friendly rays interpose. (C)

The Alcocoden

The Alcocoden, in addition to having various spellings, is a calculated planet related to the Hyleg, or Giver of Life. Called the Giver of Years, the Alcocoden is usually the Almuten of the Hyleg. The difficulty is that the Ancients had multiple methods of computing the Hyleg. The method we use here is that of Henry Coley. Traditionally, the Alcocoden was used as the basis for the calculation of the length of life. However, it appears that the Alcocoden may also indicate certain disease proclivities.

The Alcocoden is Mercury

You are subject to the following general health issues: inflammations, especially of mucous membranes, sciatica, stammering, lisping, hoarseness, coughs, snuffling in the nose, imperfection in the tongue, and all diseases of the brain: vertigo, apoplexy, and madness; also diseases of the lungs, such as asthma, tuberculosis, and other diseases that belong to the brain, tongue and memory.

...and Mercury is in Capricorn

In addition, you are specifically subject to the following health issues: urine stoppage, pain or goutish conditions around the knees, heart afflictions, and back pains.

Aspects

An aspect is an angular relationship between two bodies that has an interpretation based on the bodies involved, and the nature of the angular relationship.

There are several major philosophical differences in the approach to aspects between Classical Astrology and Modern.

The first concerns how to define the orb, or allowable angular separation between two bodies that can still be considered an aspect. Modern Astrology has a whole series of possible definitions:

· All planets can have the same orb, with the size of the orb basically being determined by the "School" of Astrology represented. For example, Cosmobiology and Uranian have tended to use small orbs or less than two degrees.

· The Lights (the Sun and Moon) are assigned a larger orb, and the rest of the planets are assigned a smaller orb.

· The orb size is determined by the harmonic of the aspect. Conjunctions get the largest size, then oppositions, trines, squares, sextiles, etc.

In contrast, there are only two ancient orb systems:

· The "orb" is synonymous with the size of the sign. This is called "whole sign." This is the style used in such Greek sources as Ptolemy, where a planet at any degree of Leo is sextile another planet in any degree of Gemini.

· When orbs of less than a sign were used, it was based on the concept of moiety, or half-orb. Each planet is assigned a moiety. Then the moieties for the two planets are summed, giving the moiety for that combination of planets. The Lights were given a larger moiety, so we see the probable origin of the modern concept of giving a larger orb to the Lights.

The next difference between Classical and Modern technique concerns the general theory of interpretation. Modern Astrology has two major schools, apart from the schools that utilize midpoints as an aspecting system. The first differentiates aspects between "easy" and "hard," a classification inherited from Classical Astrology. The trine and the sextile are classified as easy, while the square and the opposition are considered hard. The conjunction is not technically defined as an aspect, although it is always discussed with the true aspects, and it is generally considered mixed, depending on the planets involved.

However, increasingly, many Modern Astrologers are taking the position that any aspect is pretty much the same, and that the important question is whether there is an aspect at all, rather than what the nature of the aspect might be. It's especially important to understand the context of this concept. Modern Astrology has systematically simplified interpretation to the point that the condition of a planet, classically signified by its essential and accidental dignity, has become increasingly ignored, leaving aspects as the only way to interpret relationships between planets.

Consider the difference that is raised by the following example. Suppose that the planet representing your mother is trine to the ruler of your Ascendant, which is you. Let us suppose further that your mother's planet is more dignified than yours. Modern astrology will look at this and say: an easy relationship between you and your mother (trine). However, classical astrology says more. Now what we say is that there is an excess (trine) implied in the relationship - the relationship goes overboard, in other words. And your mother controls it because she has more dignity.

This then explains the other component of a classical interpretation of aspects: the aspect is controlled by the planet with the greater amount of dignity. Thus, we have a way of assessing not merely whether the two planets relate, but how, and who controls the action.

In this report we have given only the generic meanings of the aspects. This could be extended to also combining which houses each planet rules to come up with more scenarios for how this interaction works, in the fashion of the relationship with your mother that we have given above.

Mars is Conjunct Jupiter

There may be problems with the teeth. (SA)

...and Mars is the Significator

You are somewhat hasty, religious, good, and just. You may get opportunities in the law or religion.

You can have a vengeful streak that you find difficult to check. (SA)

Mercury is Conjunct Jupiter

You are curious, a good observer and a good problem solver. (SA)

...and Mercury is the Significator

You are solid, serious and grave, pious and religious, and probably could get a good estate by merchandising, or some religious promotion. (SA)

Mercury is Conjunct Mars

Hoof in mouth disease? Absolutely! The only question is whether you can control it. (SA)

...and Mercury is the Significator

You prove to be of harsh manners and conversation, of an ill life, a thief, highwayman, felon, murderer, traitor, etc. Better to find a constructive outlet for these violent tendencies, like the police, martial arts, or the military. Also best to develop a discipline to help you to curb your tongue before you put your foot in it. (SA)

Saturn is Trine The Sun

In this combination, age meets vitality. What happens? Well, it depends. On a physical level, the condition of your frame is paramount to your well being. Posture, bearing, and physical condition are important. But don't overdo it either. A mania about fitness can actually undermine your health.

...and Saturn is the Significator

You have an austere countenance, stooping a little in your going, generous and noble in your actions. You probably could attain promotion in government.

Jupiter is Antiscion Mars

Justice and action: which triumphs? No matter who is dominant, you are very aware that actions have moral or ethical consequences. You are a stickler for doing the right thing whatever the personal cost.

...and Mars is the Significator

You are a large soul, cheerful, merry, jovial disposition, active, courageous, pious, and a very just, ennobled with valor, victory and virtue, one of good fame, and obtaining the favor and good will of great and worthy persons.

Jupiter is Sextile Venus

The two benefics together. At the very least, this tends to produce courtesy and civility.

...and Venus is the Significatrix

You are comely and lovely, one generously disposed, aiming only at things brave, honorable, virtuous and good. You are endowed with virtue and piety, honor, promotions and vast fortunes in the world. You know persons of the highest religious order, and, it may be, attain the like preferment yourself.

Jupiter is Antiscion Mercury

Philosophically-inclined Jupiter meets topically-inclined Mercury. Jupiter sees only the forest, while Mercury sees only the trees. Together, perhaps they can see the bigger picture.

...and Mercury is the Significator

You are very ingenious, and your wit is mixed with virtue and honesty, of a deep understanding, profound wisdom, and sound judgment. You are successful in any enterprise, fit to be counselor of a top banana, or manager of the affairs of a company or country. You are generous, free spirited, and truly trustworthy.

Mars is Sextile Venus

This combination brings considerable popularity. You could get away with murder if you were inclined, but you generally aren't! Your influence extends further because you are intrinsically likable.

...and Venus is the Significatrix

This is the aspect of pride, vanity, and vainglory. You are comely, bold, rash, adventurous, fearing nothing, aiming at great things, and promising yourself mountains, but perfecting little.

Venus is Sextile Mercury

...and Venus is the Significatrix

You are very comely, witty, ingenious, subtle, and of a good nature, seldom guilty of any dishonorable action, a good orator, and of an aspiring nature, yet seldom bringing things to completion.

Saturn is Square Venus

You are guilty of many vicious, unworthy actions, not fit to be named.

Doesn't that sound just great? But what does it mean? Well, it means that you have some trouble deciding just how you fit in with women, or as a woman.

If you are a man, this means that either you are wildly protective of women, or else you may have difficulty seeing past women as a sexual object, or as a lesser creature requiring protection.

If you are a woman, you vacillate between wanting independence and freedom, and it becomes difficult to have relationships with men because it's hard enough to have one facet, let alone both!

...and Venus is the Significatrix

You are subject to deformity and baseness. You are a poor, low, base, timorous spirit, a glutton, and greedy devourer - afflicted with the greatest of all misfortunes, and catastrophes, losing by the fruits and products of the Earth, and indeed a gainer by nothing, but utterly destructive.

Saturn is Square The Moon

You are likely to be sterile. Accordingly, if you wish to have children, consider adopting. Your body is subject to deformation as a result of illness. You are subject to stomach pains. Don't even think about intercourse unprotected for venereal disease. Your mother will likely outlive your father.

...and The Moon is the Significatrix

You experience jealousy, suspicion and mistrust. You are crooked both in person and conditions, malicious, deceitful, vicious, scandalous and debauched. You are afflicted all the days of your life with innumerable troubles, crosses from adversaries, want of health, wasting of your estate and poverty, and your are in danger of a short life, and a violent death.

The Faces

The following interpretations are according to Ramesey (pp 73-75) and Coley (pp 484-488).

The Almuten of The Ascendant is in the 1st Face of Aries

You have an image of boldness, strength, magnanimity, undauntedness, unshamefulness, resoluteness and confidence.

The Ascendant is in the 2nd Face of Virgo

You have an image of gaining, and growing rich, of covetiveness, entreating and desiring the help of others for the purpose of self-advancement.

Dispositor of The Ascendant is in the 1st Face of Capricorn

You have an image of handsome form and shape, loving to ramble, to be merry and sport. You will gain and lose by your traveling ways.

The Moon is in the 3rd Face of Aquarius

You have an image of contentions, repinings, and strife. You are hated for no cause.

Planets in Peregrine

The Sun is Peregrine

Life is not going to be a straight line. A peregrine Sun means that life is an adventure, because it never goes in one direction for very long.

The Humors

There is an ancient theory of wellness and illness that speaks directly to lifestyle questions. This medical model can still be used today to understand temperament, not only from a psychological standpoint, but also from the perspective of body type, susceptibility to certain types of conditions, and even obesity. It is a type of understanding which can be equally at home in New Age circles, and in health practitioners' offices.

The classical medical model was given by Hippocrates a century before astrology had been incorporated into Greek thought. This model incorporated four basic qualities: Hot, Cold, Wet, and Dry. These four qualities varied by season, gender, age, and person. The ideal of Hippocrates was to lead a balanced life. If the body is balanced, then disease is less likely to take hold. The method of creating balance was diet and regimen.

I have written extensively on the philosophical underpinnings of this model in my book, Classical Astrology for Modern Living. This introduction reviews some of the more pertinent points as they apply to lifestyle issues.

The entire ancient scheme was based on the four qualities: Hot, Cold, Wet and Dry. "Hot" and "Cold" were one pair - "Wet" and "Dry" the other. From a behavioral perspective, "Hot" is exactly what you would expect from the common parlance: someone who reacts vigorously to anything even remotely perceived as an attack. "Hot under the collar" is exactly on target. A "Cold" type is basically lethargic, or slow to react, often perceived as being unemotional, but "slow to react" would actually be closer. The expression "cool under pressure" is also a good fit.

"Wet" and "Dry" don't have quite the linguistic familiarity. "Dry" represents anything with a discrete shape or structure, while something "Wet" adapts its shape to the container. "Dry" thinking is characterized by making distinctions, while "Wet" thinking sees connections. A new example of Wet thinking is "hyper-linking:" the World Wide Web is definitely Wet! A Dry thinker is more easily swayed by intellectual argument than by passion. A Wet thinker fits emotion into the picture. Dryness is the position that this moment is unique, that reality can be "objectively" known. "Wet" thinking takes the position that separate concepts are interconnected. Without Wet thinking, we could not be astrologers, because it is Wet thinking that sees the interconnections of microcosm and macrocosm. Without Dry thinking, there would be no technique, because we couldn't distinguish signs, planets, or houses from each other. The danger for Dry thinking is that, confronted with something new, the Dry thinker has no solution: the pieces are incompatible, and there is no way to bring them together. Each moment is unique, and unconnected to what came before. To the Wet thinker, connections lie everywhere, right down to the involvement of the Knights Templar in the assassination of Martin Luther King and JFK, and let's not forget that the Templars have connections back to Ancient Egypt and Atlantis! Submergence and drowning is the danger of extreme Wet thinking. There is nothing for the Wet thinker to grasp for support. Yet one other way to contrast the two is to say that the epitome of Dry thinking is clarity and the epitome of Wet thinking is ambiguity. And yes! The very process of attempting to explain the concept is Dry!

Each of the four qualities actually represents a cluster of concepts, and their opposites. For example, the qualities Hot and Cold do not represent extremes of a temperature continuum, as we would define them. They represent qualities of energy, where Hot represents high energy or physical heat, and Cold represents low energy or physical Cold. But these qualities are opposites in a critically different way from the way we normally envision them. Take temperature. From a purely chemical perspective, molecules in a hotter gas vibrate more rapidly on average than molecules in a colder gas. Mixing Hot and Cold gases will produce an intermediate result. In other words, in our thinking the "Cold" portion is completely canceled out by a portion of the "Hot" component. But this is not how it works - at least as far as the qualities, and not chemistry, is concerned! People are, in fact, more than capable of expressing opposite qualities without one canceling the other. In psychological testing there is often an index of consistency, which is actually a measure of to what extent an individual will give the same answer to the same question. If such an index is deemed necessary, it becomes clear exactly how capable we are of expressing "incompatible" ideas and emotions! Opposites do not cancel each other out!

Thus, people have Hot and Cold qualities simultaneously. In fact, having "half and half" would be to manifest equal quantities of each, not to have a "zero-sum state" in which "Hot" cancels "Cold," perhaps producing lukewarm. It may be useful to envision Hot and Cold as being like two different colored marbles, red and blue. Having more blue marbles doesn't take away the red ones: it just means that, if you were to draw one marble out of a box at random, you would more likely draw a blue one, but you could draw a red one.

The balanced state should not be lukewarm. Rather, it is the ability to be high energy (Hot), or completely at rest (Cold) as the moment and the circumstances require. Being merely Hot is to approach all circumstances as a Type A personality: everything is a challenge to be conquered. To approach things from a Cold perspective is to be motionless: to wait for the problem to go away or resolve itself without having to do anything: living life as a couch potato.

Finally, this is where Astrology comes in. Hippocrates put forward a workable theory of qualities, but other than general distinctions of age, gender, and physical appearance, he had no way to classify a person as having a particular make-up. We do. By using the chart, we can actually calculate the temperament type. Further, this result can then be used in a host of ways, including to establish a diet and exercise plan that truly supports well being.

We finally get something we can sink our teeth into, because Astrology eventually became the preferred mode for distinguishing the constitution from its components, or humors.

There are several possibilities for the computation of the temperament type. The general definition includes the following components. The method of computation comes from Gadbury, pages 249-258; and more specifically in Lilly, pages 531-534 and 742-749.

1. Sign of Ascendant

2. Planet ruling Ascendant

3. Planets aspecting Ascendant

4. Moon sign and phase

5. Planets aspecting Moon

6. Quarter of Year

7. Lord/Lady of Geniture

8. Lord/Lady of Moon

Each component is assigned qualities as follows:

1. Signs:

Fire	Hot and Dry
Air	Hot and Wet
Earth	Cold and Dry
Water	Cold and Wet

2. The Moon is classified by phase.

New to 1st Quarter	Hot and Wet
1st Quarter to Full	Hot and Dry
Full to last Quarter	Cold and Dry
last Quarter to New	Cold and Wet

3. Seasons are classified as follows.

Spring	Hot and Wet
Summer	Hot and Dry
Fall	Cold and Dry
Winter	Cold and Wet

4. Lord/Lady of the Geniture: this is a compound Almuten for the hylegical points and angles: the Sun, Moon, Part of Fortune, Ascendant and Midheaven.

This actually gives nine temperament types, not four. The reason is that often two of the qualities are often in balance, or so close as to have little dominance. These nine types are:

Hot and Wet	sanguine
Hot and Dry	choleric
Cold and Dry	melancholic
Cold and Wet	phlegmatic
Hot	sanguine-choleric
Cold	melancholic-phlegmatic
Wet	sanguine-phlegmatic
Dry	choleric-melancholic
all	balanced

What may appear to be the simpler states, the single quality ones, are actually more complex. The reason is that the single quality types are in fact mixtures, because, as we have seen, qualities don't cancel out. Having close to an even ratio of Hot and Cold, or Wet and Dry, means that it is easy to become out of balance: stress, the change in season, or even too much to drink. Astrologically, the transit of an Outer Planet brings an effect of the nature both of the transiting planet, and of the transiting sign. People with these combinations may also experience them as being simultaneously present: such as having different parts of the body that are Cold, while other parts are Hot.

Hippocratic medicine is basically allopathic: this means that if you have become out of balance because your body is experiencing too much heat (that Mars transit to your Sun?), then you need to take a Cold herb, Cold food, Cold exercise, or literally experience Cold temperatures in order to cool yourself down. These means of adjusting the qualities experienced by the body fell under the rubric "regimen," which included such components as the following:

(1) The season of the year: "In winter eat as much as possible and drink as little as possible, and food should be bread, with all meats roasted. During this season take as few vegetables as possible, for so will the body be most Dry and Hot." By the way, the reason for this recommendation is because Winter is classified as Cold and Wet. Thus, to compensate for the seasonal qualities, food is used to heat up and Dry out the seasonal effect.

(2) The age of the person: "Young people also do well to adopt a softer and moister regimen, for this age is Dry, and young bodies are firm. Older people should have a drier diet for the greater part of the time..."

(3) The gender: "Women should use a regimen of a rather Dry character, for food that is Dry is more adapted to the softness of their flesh..."

(4) The constitution: "Those with physiques that are fleshy, soft and red, find it beneficial to adopt a rather Dry regimen for the greater part of the year. For the nature of these physiques is moist."

In food, this is represented by cooked (Hot), raw (Cold), soft food (Wet), or hard food (Dry). In exercise, Hippocrates distinguished two types: wrestling (Cold and Wet) and running (Hot and Dry), but we may extend this considerably by considering the following classification:

Classification of exercise:

Hot is represented by aerobic activities, with an emphasis on strength. Cold emphasizes agility: the pinpoint application of force with a minimum of effort.

Wet is given by either team or contact sports and Dry by either solo sports, or one-on-one, with the opponents preferably separated by a distance.

Examples of Sports by Type:

Hot & Wet: football, basketball, soccer, hockey, rugby, lacrosse.

Hot & Dry: track, men's professional tennis, racing in any medium or on any equipment, weight lifting and training, aerobic classes (although the classes introduce a Wet component through social interaction), skiing, jai alai.

Cold & Wet: wrestling, martial arts.

Cold & Dry: archery, fencing, shooting.

Dry: woman's professional tennis (it is still possible to win by either power or precision), figure skating (definitely Dry, but is it power and jumps [Hot] or precision [Cold]), biathlon (skiing is aerobic, while shooting is Cold, but both are Dry), ski jumping (power helps, but position is critical).

Mixed or variable: baseball, softball and cricket, where a successful player ranges from team play (defense) to solo play (batting), and where either strength of finesse can work, decathlon and heptathlon, which test the balance of all four qualities, gymnastics (different apparatuses test strength vs. flexibility and balance, and competitions run by both teams and single competition).

We can also classify the body type by these characteristics. The two most obvious are Hot and Dry (thin and wiry) and Cold and Wet (fat or endomorphic). In general, a Hot body shows muscular development, while a Cold body does not. A Wet body shows fluid retention or roundness, while a Dry body does not. Thinking in typical types of our Olympic athletes, a swimmer has a wetter body than a runner, yet both sports are Hot and Dry. However, swimming takes place in a Wet medium. A marathoner has a typically Dry body, but not especially Hot or Cold, since the muscular definition is less apparent that the thinness. A male gymnast is about as Hot and Dry as we can imagine: the muscular definition is combined with thinness. A weightlifter (or a football offensive lineman) is Hot and Wet: both strength and bulk. The female gymnasts are typically Dry, since the overall effect is anorexic in appearance. Probably the most aerobic sport of all is synchronized swimming: but here the body type is wetter: in fact, the only sport that is conducted in the water that doesn't have a substantial Wet component to the typical body type is water polo.

Notice that our current cultural ideal is the Hot and Dry body, although women are supposed to be wetter - at least from the standpoint of breast development. This corresponds to the choleric temperament type, which was not the preferred type. The traditionally favored body type was Hot and Wet, which does match the preferred temperament type, known as sanguine. The advantage from a social standpoint is that the sanguine type is friendlier: a social animal highly sensitive to the opinions of others. The choleric type is more standoff-ish, and given to anger.

This discrepancy between body type ideal and personality ideal has not always been as extreme: the voluptuous body preferred by Runin and his school is wetter, and thus closer to the sanguine personality ideal. While it may be observed that there is not a one-to-one correspondence between body type and personality, neither is the distribution random. The correspondence is closest in youth, when mind and body have not had ample time and opportunity to diverge. For most people, the basic personality type is set by adulthood, while the body continues to change, at the very least becoming colder with age. But after adulthood, the personality does not necessarily change with the body, and this in turn can produce dissonances of its own.

As we have become increasingly aware of the mind-body link again, the corollary needs to be spelled out: the whole organism can be affected by deliberate changes to either mind or body. Thus, begin an exercise program, and while the body is primarily affected, there is feedback to the brain. As we have seen, the equation is not absolute, but it is still of use.

Thus, we can use this system to deliberately change our energy level, emotional state, or physical condition, but changes have a price. For example, to lose weight, it would make sense to move to a hotter, dryer state. Obviously, exercising more raises the heat in the body. But dryness? Many diet programs encourage drinking a lot of water: this should increase the wetness of the body. Why? If the extra water is being used to flush metabolites from the body, this can work. But if the Native is naturally Wet to begin with, then fluid retention could consume the greater amount of extra water, thereby increasing instead of decreasing weight.

The underlying question is: how much can we really change the quality ratio of the body, and what is the cost of doing so? Through aging, seasonal change and transits, there are quite a few changes that we make unconsciously. So there is a range in which conscious redirection can occur. However, we may also understand this question in another way: to what extent can a Leo consciously operate as a Pisces? Or a Gemini? Obviously, the greater the change from one's natural state, the greater the effort needed to maintain it, and the greater the stress placed upon the body in the process.

We can still change our condition. But the challenge is to understand the possible: what is the goal, what is the means, and how can this goal be maintained? Then we can apply our knowledge of the qualities to program a new equilibrium. Once the body type is determined, then some suggestions concerning diet and exercise can be made.

The following description of your body type and its ramifications is based on performing a calculation for your complexional type, and then using specific Hippocratic ideas, translated into modern life styles. This should not be taken as a prescription or guarantee of a successful lifestyle or activity, but as consistent with understanding these principles as they have been applied historically.

Complexional Scores

Sign of Ascendant: Virgo = Cold and Dry

Ruler of Ascendant: Mercury (Capricorn) = Cold and Dry

Aspect to the Ascendant: The Sun (Winter) = Cold and Wet

Sign of Moon: Aquarius = Hot and Wet

Phase of Moon: New Moon = Hot and Wet

Aspect to the Moon: Saturn (Taurus) = Cold and Dry

Season: Winter = Cold and Wet

Ruler of Geniture: Mercury (Capricorn) = Cold and Dry

Almuten of the Moon: Saturn (Taurus) = Cold and Dry

Your final complexional scores are:-

Hot: 2

Cold: 7

Wet: 4

Dry: 5

Complexional Type is Cold

You are perceived as being "Cold," an outward appearance of unemotional. A "Cold" type is basically lethargic, or slow to react. The "problem" with "Cold" is that it makes it hard for you to forget slights. Because you don't tend to lash out immediately, it's hard for you not to allow your anger to build up. You can be a brooder. Because you wait to think things over before expressing yourself, when you do choose to express yourself, you can present a much more thoughtful approach. However, it is often tempting to say nothing at all, and if this is an issue that you consider at all important, then you are likely to build up resentment. Being of a single type, "Cold," instead of a compound type, means that you are likely to find your "Cold" tendencies fairly easy to adapt to, but that the fluctuation that you experience between "Wet" states and "Dry" states is much more difficult to monitor, and to integrate into your routines.

You are most at home in the Autumn and Winter, the seasons that match your qualities. The difficulty with this time of year is that it can reinforce your lethargic tendencies as a result of your Cold Nature. This is actually the time of year when you think most clearly. As the temperature starts to fall, you become more productive.

Being Cold, any symptoms of illness often appear gradually rather than suddenly, and may be very difficult to get rid of. You also need to watch for symptoms that you are "freezing up:" that your muscles are becoming locked from staying too long in one position.

The Hippocratic suggestion for the diet to balance "Cold" is to eat copiously. Fast walking is also recommended, and if weight loss is desired, then food should be taken immediately after exercise, when the body is still heated up. The difficulty you have with exercise is not the lack of discipline - but getting yourself started to do it. Cold people act strongly out of inertiainertia - a body at rest stays at rest until forced to move, but a body in motion stays in motion as well. So the key here is to get into motion in the first place. You find it easier to stick to one repetitive system than to vary your patterns.

Because you do not have a preponderance of either Wet or Dry, this means you can go either way. If you see yourself retaining fluid, you are temporarily in a Wet state. If you see yourself getting circles around your eyes, or Dry skin or lips, you are probably in a Dry state. Since you are Cold, these changes from "Wet" to "Dry" will probably appear gradually, rather than quickly.

The Hippocratic suggestion for the diet to balance "Dry" is to drink copiously. If drinking alcohol, it is better to drink diluted forms rather than neat. Consider swimming as a good form of exercise. In any case, when you are in a Dry state, you are more likely to overdo on your exercise routines, if you do them at all, because you are not very observant in watching your body signals concerning such matters as fatigue.

The Hippocratic suggestion for the diet to balance "Wet" is to drink juices or alcohol undiluted, and to eat braised rather than boiled foods. You have a tendency to water retention that may mask other weight considerations. Any foods should tend to be raw or boiled, (rather than baked, grilled, or which would simply add to your abundant supply of heat). You would do well to do enjoy forms of exercise that emphasize muscle toning and muscular strength rather than aerobic exercises. This means favoring weight training with repetitions, rather than dance or movement exercise, and herbal treatments for water retention.

So what if your temperament type doesn't match your body type? There are still two things to consider. The first is the body type given by the ruler of your Geniture. This planet represents the greatest planetary influence that you personally express.

Ruler of the Geniture is Mercury

Mercury is hard to describe, because Mercury is so affected by the rest of the chart. Mercury is considered Hot, and it can be Dry if Oriental, or Wet if Occidental. But it's not that simple.

If one were to describe a temperament for Mercury, it would be "nervous." You are very quick to observe stimuli in your environment. You are like the proverbial bird dog, always on the alert. You adapt to your surroundings. You are curious. Being nervous in this sense, which might just as well be called alert, you are the most susceptible to stress, which in your case is basically defined as sensory overload. You are often mistaken for being younger than you are, a quality especially prized as you get older! Another quality often associated with Mercury as the Ruler of the Geniture is androgyny.

...and Mercury is Debilitated by Aspect with Malefic

You are verbal, but with a tendency to boast - you pretend to more knowledge than you have. It is easy to fall into lying, cheating, pilfering, and other dishonest actions. (C)

So: suppose your body type doesn't match either your complexion or your Geniture type? By now, it should be obvious that someone's "type" is a visual clue: corpulence is Wet, thin is Dry, muscular is Hot, undifferentiated is Cold.

There are two explanations for deviation from type. (We exclude the possibility of merely being wrong, you understand!) The first is that there is some component in your chart which is completely unrelated to the angles that is skewing your type. This planet or configuration in its particular is so strong that it dwarfs other factors, but, being unrelated to the angles, would not carry much weight in either the complexional calculation or the Ruler of Geniture calculation.

The second is that you have a medical condition which masks your "natural" body type. For example, if you have a metabolic disorder, such as hypothyroidism or diabetes, this can result in weight or water retention patterns completely apart from your natural patterns. In this light, if you observe yourself changing rapidly in your body patterns - rapid weight gain or loss (unexplained by dieting or supplementation), or changes in your water balance - it may be wise to seek a consultation with a health practitioner to determine whether you have a condition which needs attention. At the very minimum, a significant change from your normal body type may be indicative of stress that you are not handling.

References

Gadbury, John. 1658. Genethlialogia, or The Doctrine of Nativities Together with The Doctrine of Horarie Questions. Printed by J[ohn] C[oniers] for William Larner. In production: Regulus Publishing Co., Ltd.: London.

Jones, W.H.S., Translator. 1931, 1992. Hippocrates IV. Loeb Classical Library: Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA.

Lehman, J. Lee. 1996. Classical Astrology for Modern Living. Whitford Press: West Chester, PA.

Conclusion

And so it ends. This report has been an example of Technique applied, but not Art. In the ancient world, it was recognized that knowledge and learning encompassed a whole range of gradations, far more than the styles of learning taught today. Technique essentially consists of the components of a field of knowledge that are the building blocks, the items that are fully reproducible from worker to worker.

If we were to make a table, technique lies in the cutting of the top and four legs of equal length, sanding the wood, fastening them to the table top, leveling the whole table, and then staining or varnishing the wood. At the end, we have a table. But is it Art?

Glossary of Terms & References Cited

What follows is a glossary of terms, based on classical sources. It is from the Election a Day 1997 Calendar, available from Just Us & Associates, 1420 N.W. Gilman Blvd., Suite #2154, Issaquah WA 98027-7001 USA http://www.horary.com.

Where a clear ancient source for the definition exists, I have quoted it verbatim, according to the following sources:

CO = Coley, Henry. 1676. Clavis Astrologiae, or a Key to the whole Art of Astrology. New Filed and Polished in Three Parts. Thomas Sawbridge: London. Available from Ballantrae.

FI = Maternus, Firmicus. 334. Ancient Astrology Theory And Practice. Matheseos Libri VIII. Translated By Jean Rhys Bram. Noyes Press: Park Ridge NJ. 1975. Available Ballantrae.

GA = Gadbury, John. 1658. Genethlialogia, or The Doctrine of Nativities Together with The Doctrine of Horarie Questions. Printed by J[ohn] C[oniers] for William Larner. In production: Regulus Publishing Co., Ltd.: London.

iE = ibn Ezra, Abraham. 1148. The Beginning of Wisdom. An Astrological Treatise by Abraham ibn Ezra. Edited by Rachel Levy & Francisco Cantera: The Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore, 1939.

LI = Lilly, William. 1647. Christian Astrology. Reprinted in 1985 by Regulus: London. Also available: Just Us & Associates.

PA = Partridge, John. 1679. Mikropanastron, or an Astrological Vade Mecum, briefly Teaching the whole Art of Astrology - viz., Questions, Nativities, with all its parts, and the whole Doctrine of Elections never so comprised nor compiled before, &c. William Bromwich: London. Pages 19-25

RA = Ramesey, William. 1653. Astrologia Restaurata; or Astrology Restored: being an Introduction to the General and Chief part of the Language of the Stars. Printed for Robert White: London. Available from Ballantrae: Brompton, Ontario, Canada (http://www.globalserve.net/~ballantrae/) and Just Us & Associates.

SA = Salmon, William. 1679. The Soul of Astrology. Horae Mathematicae seu Urania: the Soul of Astrology, containing that Art in all its parts, in Four Books, &c. London. Available from Ballantrae. The section used in the aspect interpretations was pages 65-83.

Accidental Dignity: this is a mix of conditions, all of which relate to the strength of a planet being increased (or decreased, with accidental debility) because of the planet's placement, apart from its tropical zodiacal position. The kinds of factors which are included in the tables of accidental dignity include: house placement, whether oriental or occidental, in conjunction to fixed stars, aspects to benefics or malefics, closeness to the Sun, and speed.

Almuten/Almutem: There are five Essential Dignities for any degree of the zodiac: the rulership (+5), exaltation (+4), triplicity (+3), term (+2), and face (+1). If you take a particular house cusp, find the planet which rules each of the five essential dignities of the position, and assign the points to the planet. The planet with the highest point value is the Almuten. For example: for 8 Aries 15: Mars is the ruler (+5), the Sun rules the exaltation (+4), the triplicity (+3) and the face (+1) = +8, and Mercury the terms (+2): the Sun is Almuten. Arabic sources give the word as "Almutem," but by the 17th Century, the word was consistently being translated and used as "Almuten."

Antiscion: "Some of the learned in this Art do hold that the Antiscions of the Planets be equivalent unto a Sextile or a Trine-aspect, especially if they were beneficial Planets; and their Contrantiscions to be of the nature of Quadrate or Opposition. How to know the Antiscions is no more than this; first, know the Antiscions of the signs, which is no more but a sign being equally distant with another from Cancer and Capricorn the two Tropicks; as Gemini hath its Antiscion in Cancer, Taurus in Leo, Aries in Virgo, Pisces in Libra, Aquarius in Scorpio, and Capricorn in Sagittary; for when the Sun is in 1° of Gemini, he is as far from the Tropick point of Cancer as when he is in 29° of Cancer; and in the 5° of Taurus, as when the 25° of Leo, &c.... The Contrantiscion is known thus; look in what sign, degree and minute your Antiscion falls, and your contrantiscion will be in the same degree and minute as your opposite sign to your Antiscion. [RA]

Application, "is when two Planets approach each other, either by Body or Aspect; and this may be three several ways: First, when both Planets are direct, for Example, Jupiter in 11 deg. of Aries, and Mars in 9 degrees of Aries, both of them direct; here Mars apples to a conjunction of Jupiter.

"The second is when two Stars are Retrograde, and apply to each other by a Retrograde motion; thus Jupiter in 9 degrees of Aries. Retrograde, and Mars in 11 degrees of the same Sign Retrograde also, here Mars applies to the body of Jupiter by Retrograde motion.

"Thirdly, when one Planet is Retrograde in more degrees of a Sign, and another direct in fewer; as suppose Mars in 12 degrees of Aries Retrograde, and Venus in 10 degrees of Aries, here Mars applies to Venus and Venus applies to Mars, and this kind of application is of great force and efficacy in all manner of Astrological Resolutions; but this must be remembered also, that a Superior Planet cannot apply to an Inferior one, unless he be Retrograde. "[PA]

Beholding: This word has shifted somewhat over time, but it refers to two planets which are either in ptolemaic aspect (conjunction, opposition, trine, square or sextile) or antiscial, or contranticial relationship.

"The Bendings": the points square the Nodal axis. If a planet square the Nodes is zodiacally between the North Node and the South Node (i.e., start counting at the North Node), then it is at the Northern Bending; if between the South Node and the North Node, it is at the Southern Bending.

Besieging: "this I think need no Explanation, for every Souldier understands it; as suppose Saturn in 10 deg. Jupiter in 1 deg. and Mars in 13 deg. of Leo; here Jupiter is besieged by Saturn and Mars." [PA]

Cazimi: "is when a Planet is in the heart of the Sun; that is, not distant from him above 17 min. as Mars in 10 deg. 30 min. of Aries, the Sun in 10 deg. 15 min. of Aries; here Mars is in Cazimi." [PA]

Combustion: "A Planet is Combust when he is not distant from the Sun 8 deg. 30 min. either before or after him; for Example, Jupiter in 10 deg. of Aries, the Sun in 14 deg. and Mars in 18, here both Jupiter and Mars are Combust; and observe that a Planet going to Combustion is more afflicted than when departing from it." [PA]

Essential Dignity: Essential dignity was a system for assessing the strength of a planet by its placement in the zodiac alone. There were five essential dignities: by sign, exaltation, triplicity, term, and face. A planet with dignity can act or do as it wants, whereas a planet without dignity has difficulty getting from Point A to Point B except by a very circuitous route.

Face: One of the minor dignities, also called Chaldean decanates. The faces are 10° slices of the signs, marked by planetary rulers falling in the sequence known as the Chaldean order. The Face is given +1 point.